There are lots of climate classifications but the most useful and concise one is from NCC. There are 8 distinct Climate zones:
Climate zone 1 – High humidity summer, warm winter such as Darwin
Climate zone 2 – Warm humid summer, mild winter such as Brisbane
Climate zone 3 – Hot dry summer, warm winter such as Alice Springs
Climate zone 4 – Hot dry summer, cool winter such as Dubbo
Climate zone 5 – Warm temperate such as Sydney, Perth and Adelaide
Climate zone 6 – Mild temperate such as Melbourne.
Climate zone 7 – Cool temperate such as Hobart
Climate zone 8 – Alpine regions.